سقوط الخلافة العثمانية وقيام نظام العلمانية في تركيا

Abstract

The Ottoman empire is an Islamic empire established by Osman I Bin Ertugrul. The empire was the longest Islamic empire which dated almost 600 years. After the fall of the empire, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk abolished the caliphate in 1924 and announced Turkey as a secular republic. This research examines the origin of the Turkish, the rise and the fall of the Ottoman empire, the rise of the Turkey as a secular republic and the effect of the fall of Ottoman empire in the Islamic world as well as the factors which led to the rise of secularism. The revealing of the understanding of secularism belief, explaining the reasons behind the anti-secularism in Turkey and analyzing the effect of the fall of the Ottoman empire and the rise of the secularism in Turkey. The researcher used descriptive, historical and analysis as the methology to achieve the objectives. Based on the research, it was found that there are two factors that have led to the fall of the Ottoman empire; internal and external factors. The fall of the Ottoman empire has also found affected the Islamic world socially, poticially and economically. The research also found that secularism which originated from the West has spread to Turkey and affected the lives of its people. In addition, it was found that some religious scholars such as Badi’uzzaman Sa’id Nursi was against secularism and had fought it to defend Islam.