أسس التفسير الموضوعي عند سيد قطب من خلال تفسيره في ظلال القرآن الجهاد نموذجا

Abstract

This research does consider with the concept of jihad for Seyyid Qutub through the principles of the thematic interpretation in the tafsir Fee lilalil Quran. As this tafsir contains diverse methodology: literary, intellectual, and dynamics. And different methods, including the method of thematic unit. This research aims to process the mentioned subject to explain the reasons that prompted Seyyid Qutub to commit the method of thematic unit in his tafsir Fee lilalil Quran, and to find its principles, and search for the role of these principles in his understanding of the concept of jihad. To attain these objectives, the researcher depended on the descriptive method that explains the things that led Seyyid Qutub to commit the method of thematic unit in his tafsir, and the issues that he brings out through the method of thematic unit, especially the concept of jihad. Then depended on the analytical method to explain the concept of jihad of Seyyid Qutub according to Al-Quran and As-Sunnah with the opinions of scholars such as the four imams and others by discussion and preference. The results of the research achieved that the principles of the thematic interpretation of Seyyid Qutub are three: defining the historical domain of the soorah (a chapter of the Holy Quran), the overall definition of the soorah and defining its identity, projection and measurement. and his concept of jihad, which was approached through this thematic unit, contained the definition of jihad, its objectives, stages, and rules. Whereas, these things revolve around four main things: governorship, ignorance, Dar al-Islam (the abode of Islam), Dar al-harb (the abode of war) or Dar al-Kufr (the abode of apostasy), and holy war. That is, the concept of jihad restricted to the meaning of war, and it is an individual obligation on every Muslim, as the aim of establishing the governorship of Almighty Allah on the earth, and removing the governorship of people from it. and it is an individual obligation on every Muslim to go through the stages of jihad with the aim of reaching the last stage, which is the stage of the holy war to achieve the mentioned governorship, because the governorship is certain to Almighty Allah only, and no human being has a share in the governorship. This concept of Seyyid Qutub on jihad is invalidated according to Al-Quran and As-Sunnah, because the concept of jihad has various types, including war, and it is sufficient obligation on the Muslim community, and it becomes an individual obligation in some situations authorized in the Islamic law, as the war is not allowed to establish the governorship of Almighty Allah on the earth, and remove the governorship of people from it, in the period of prophethood or after it, because Almighty Allah has special provisions, and there is no fortune for anyone, such as permissions, prohibitions, and etc, and they are related to Almighty Allah only, and the servants of Allah have a role in legislating the rulings that Almighty Allah allowed them as the substantive laws; with regards to the communities interests.