التسبيع عند ابن حماهد وأثره يف القراءات القرآنا

Abstract

This paper analyses the establishment of the seven qiraat (methods of Quran recitations) by Ibn Mujahid through his literature “Kitab al-Sab’ah fi Qiraat”. The positive and negative effects regarding the establishment of the seven qiraat are also reviewed. The researcher started by introducing the history behind qiraat and the explaining the term “establishment of seven qiraat”. The first chapter focuses on the introductions of the scholar and his two literatures, which are “Kitab al-Sab’ah fi Qiraat” and “Kitab al-Kabir”. Reasons for the establishment and how the seven qiraat imam (leaders) became well-known are also examined. The second chapter investigates the positive impacts resulting from the seven qiraat establishment such as the good perceptions on Ibn Mujahid’s literature. Additionally, the establishment has solved some arguments concerning qiraat and has founded the requirements to determine the acceptable type of qiraat. This chapter also highlights the negative effects and criticisms that were made on the establishment. Some scholars have thought that the seven qiraat consist of seven letters, Ibn Mujahid was also accused of being someone who has insufficient knowledge in qiraat. Moreover, Ibn Mujahid had not considered qiraat imam from Yemen and Bahrain but four imam from Iraq were included in his work. Besides, the establishment has caused many other mutawatirah (mass-transmitted) qiraat to become shadhah (anomalous). Hence, the objective of this research is to critically analyse the abovementioned issues. Amongst the important result of this research is that Ibn Mujahid is a qiraat imam whom his works are highly recognised. This is because he had successfully assembled the seven qiraat with their respective trustworthy narrators after their authentications were thoroughly verified. Nevertheless, it is known that, as a human being, Ibn Mujahid is not maksum (infallible). Finally, resolutions about the results are deduced by the researcher to conclude the research.