الخلافة الاسلامية: عوامل سقوطها وآثارها على العالم الاسلامي

Abstract

Islamic caliphate can be defined as the system of rulers in Islamic law which is based on the replacement of the commander of a Muslim state which is ruled by the way of Islamic Shariah. The leader called as (Caliph), as successor to the Messenger of Allah (Prophet Muhammad) to take over the leadership of the Muslims and the Islamic state. There is currently no caliphate system as it was ended in year 1924 with the fall of the sultan of ottoman, and there wan no return to the system in any place so far and led the Muslims to differentiate. As a result, there was a movement of people from one country to another using the modern system secular, taken from European countries.